Central & Eastern Europe
Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, the Balkans, and the post-Soviet states.
Central & Eastern Europe on the APIs.io network surfaces 72 providers mapped to this sales region — together publishing 446 indexed APIs.
Notable providers include Infobip, ZnanyLekarz, Braiins, Avito, Kontomatik, Oxylabs, and 66 more — each profile links out to that provider’s APIs, schemas, and governance artifacts.
Related regions by shared providers: Europe, France & Iberia, and United Kingdom & Ireland. Browse every sales region at regions.apis.io.
Region mapping is derived from three explicit signals: a provider tag, a provider-name pattern, or a stated headquarters in the provider’s own description. It surfaces what is signalled and intentionally infers no further — a provider that says nothing about where it is appears in no region at all. This is a map of stated headquarters, not of markets served. A London company selling across Europe is listed under United Kingdom & Ireland only, and several of the largest API providers carry no geographic statement of any kind, so they appear here nowhere.
About this region
APIs from Central & Eastern Europe — Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, the Balkan states, and the post-Soviet space. Strong developer-services concentration and a meaningful share of the open-source API tooling ecosystem.
Providers (72)
| Provider | Description | APIs | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infobip | Infobip is a global communications platform as a service (CPaaS) provider headquartered in Vodnjan, Croatia, and is Croatia's largest technology company. It sells programmable m... | 47 | exemplar |
| ZnanyLekarz | ZnanyLekarz is the Polish healthcare marketplace and practice-management platform operated by Docplanner Group, connecting patients with over 146,000 listed doctors and equippin... | 2 | exemplar |
| Braiins | Braiins is a Prague-based Bitcoin mining technology company that operates the world's longest-running Bitcoin mining pool (Slush Pool, now Braiins Pool, mining since 2010), buil... | 2 | strong |
| Avito | Avito is Russia's largest online classifieds platform (avito.ru), founded in 2007, where individuals and businesses buy and sell across goods, vehicles, real estate, jobs and se... | 25 | developing |
| Kontomatik | Kontomatik is a Warsaw- and Vilnius-based PSD2-licensed open banking provider delivering bank data aggregation, KYC, credit scoring, income verification, transaction labeling, a... | 4 | developing |
| Oxylabs | Oxylabs is a Lithuanian (Vilnius-based) web intelligence platform providing premium proxy networks (Residential, Datacenter, Mobile, ISP, Dedicated), web data acquisition APIs (... | 1 | developing |
| University of Warsaw | The University of Warsaw (Uniwersytet Warszawski) is Poland's largest and highest-ranked university and a member of the 4EU+ European University Alliance. Unusually for this coh... | 3 | developing |
| inFakt | inFakt is a Polish fintech platform that combines invoicing software, online accounting, and dedicated bookkeeper services for sole proprietors (JDG), limited-liability companie... | 1 | developing |
| SEON | SEON is a Budapest-headquartered fraud prevention, AML compliance, and digital footprint analysis platform that exposes a modular REST API for fraud scoring, identity verificati... | 11 | developing |
| Przelewy24 | Przelewy24 is Poland's leading online payment gateway, providing REST APIs for bank transfer payments, card processing, BLIK mobile payments, and multi-currency payment processi... | 4 | developing |
| RS Performance | RS Performance Sp. z o.o. is a single-location automotive diagnostics and repair workshop at Al. Grunwaldzka 303B in Gdańsk, Poland (the Premio Ring site, rebranded 2021-09-14),... | 2 | developing |
| Comunicate.top API | Romanian press-release and advertorial distribution platform exposing a REST API (with free keyless public read routes and authenticated partner routes), an OpenAPI 3.1 contract... | 1 | developing |
| MODIVO | MODIVO is a Polish multibrand fashion and lifestyle retailer that operates one of the largest fashion e-commerce platforms in Central and Eastern Europe, selling clothing, footw... | 4 | developing |
| Charles University | Charles University (Univerzita Karlova), founded in 1348 in Prague, is the largest and oldest university in Czechia. Unusually for a university, a substantial part of its progra... | 5 | thin |
| Felhő — Magyar üzleti infrastruktúra | Hungarian business-infrastructure platform offering company information (registry data, financials, officers/owners, TEÁOR'25 activity codes), business verification and risk sco... | 1 | thin |
| Invendor | Invendor is a smart industrial vending and vendor-managed inventory (VMI) platform for industrial distributors and manufacturers, combining weight-sensing (Gravity) and scan-bas... | 2 | thin |
| Edelweiss Hotel Polyana API | Public open REST API and structured data feeds for Edelweiss Hotel Polyana, a 3-star boutique eco-hotel in Polyana, Zakarpattia, Ukraine. Provides real-time room tariffs, hotel ... | 1 | thin |
| CodeNOW | CodeNOW is a Prague-based governance and execution platform for AI-scale software delivery — a control plane that determines how software moves through the SDLC regardless of wh... | 1 | thin |
| Infogram | Infogram is a data visualization platform (based in Riga, Latvia, part of the Prezi family) that lets writers, marketers, journalists, researchers, and analysts turn raw data in... | 1 | thin |
| Serbia Company Data | A single-purpose, pay-per-call REST API serving normalized Serbian company registry data and latest financial-statement summaries from official APR high-value open data. Access ... | 1 | thin |
| Rohlik | Rohlik (Rohlik Group) is a European online grocery service founded in 2014 by Tomáš Čupr and headquartered in Prague, Czechia. It operates fast, same-day and sub-hour grocery de... | 1 | thin |
| Better | Better (formerly Marand, Ljubljana, Slovenia) is a digital-health vendor whose products are built on openEHR, the open standard for vendor-neutral, computable clinical data. Bet... | 1 | emerging |
| Symmetrical | Symmetrical.ai is a Polish-British HR and payroll fintech, founded in 2019 in Warsaw with offices in London and Barcelona and backed by Partech. It provides payroll and HR burea... | 0 | emerging |
| LiqPay | LiqPay is a Ukrainian payment platform operated by PrivatBank that provides REST APIs for accepting card payments, creating hosted payment pages, processing subscriptions, manag... | 9 | emerging |
| OZON.ru | OZON is one of Russia's largest e-commerce marketplaces, offering retail across electronics, apparel, groceries, and more, plus its own logistics and fulfillment network (FBO/FB... | 1 | emerging |
| OPSI Slovenia | OPSI Slovenia is a national government open-data portal for Slovenia running CKAN. It exposes the CKAN catalog API, a standardized machine-readable interface over approximately ... | 1 | emerging |
| Official Ukrainian Government Portal | Official Ukrainian Government Portal is a open data portal open-data portal for Ukraine running CKAN. It exposes the CKAN catalog API, a standardized machine-readable interface ... | 1 | emerging |
| data.zagreb.hr Official Open Data Portal | data.zagreb.hr Official Open Data Portal is a open data portal open-data portal for Croatia running CKAN. It exposes the CKAN catalog API, a standardized machine-readable interf... | 1 | emerging |
| Oferteo | Oferteo (oferteo.pl) is a Polish online services marketplace that connects people and businesses seeking services (Zlecający) with local contractors and service providers (Wykon... | 0 | emerging |
| Adscanner | AdScanner — now trading as all eyes on screens (AEOS), the legal entity all eyes on screens d.o.o. of Zagreb, Croatia, formerly Adscanner d.o.o. — is a European TV and video adv... | 0 | emerging |
| Talk-A-Bot | Talk-A-Bot is a Budapest-based, Techstars-backed enterprise chatbot company building compliance-first conversational AI for regulated industries including banking, healthcare, g... | 0 | emerging |
| Rimac Automobili | Rimac Automobili d.o.o. is a Croatian electric hypercar manufacturer and automotive technology company founded by Mate Rimac in 2009 and headquartered at the Rimac Campus in Ker... | 0 | emerging |
| KupiVIP | KupiVIP (kupivip.ru) is a Russian online outlet retailer for luxury and premium fashion, selling women's and men's apparel, footwear, bags, accessories and home goods from more ... | 0 | emerging |
| Marand | Marand Software (Marand d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia) builds cloud-native Business Support System components for communications service providers, positioned as a vendor of TM Fo... | 0 | emerging |
| NNG | NNG (NNG Software Developing and Commercial LLC), formerly Nav N Go, is a Budapest-based automotive navigation and location-based software company founded in 2004. Its flagship ... | 0 | minimal |
| Opolskie Open Data | Opolskie Open Data is a regional government open-data portal for Poland running DKAN. | 1 | minimal |
| SATIM | SATIM provides AI-powered analysis of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) operations. Its OREC analytics engine perfo... | 0 | minimal |
| Kozadat Hungary Open Data | Kozadat Hungary Open Data is a national government open-data portal for Hungary running CKAN. It exposes the CKAN catalog API over approximately 2,283 datasets. | 1 | minimal |
| data.egov.bg (Open Data Portal of Bulgaria) | data.egov.bg is the national government open-data portal for Bulgaria, operated by the Ministry of e-Government (Министерство на електронното управление). It is a custom Laravel... | 1 | minimal |
| data.gov.hr | data.gov.hr (Portal otvorenih podataka) is the national government open-data portal for Croatia, operated by the Ministry of Justice and Public Administration. It runs CKAN 2.9.... | 1 | minimal |
| Commsignia | Commsignia is a Budapest-based V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) technology company building connected vehicle and smart infrastructure solutions for the automotive and transportation... | 0 | minimal |
| Turbine | Turbine (Turbine Ltd) is a Budapest-based AI biotechnology company that virtualizes biological experiments to accelerate and de-risk drug discovery. Its Simulated Cell platform ... | 0 | minimal |
| Czech Television | TV programme of Czech TV | 1 | minimal |
| Transport for Czech Republic | Czech transport API | 1 | minimal |
| Open Government, Czech Republic | Czech Republic Government Open Data | 1 | minimal |
| data.gov.rs | data.gov.rs is the national government open-data portal for the Republic of Serbia, operated by the Office for IT and eGovernment. It runs the uData platform and exposes the uDa... | 2 | minimal |
| Czech National Bank | A collection of exchange rates | 1 | minimal |
| National Bank of Poland | A collection of currency exchange rates (data in XML and JSON) | 1 | minimal |
| OLX Poland | Integrate with local sites by posting, managing adverts and communicating with OLX users | 1 | minimal |
| Buildcon | Buildcon is a Belgrade-based construction and logistics digitalisation company that builds Buildx, a proprietary construction project management platform covering project schedu... | 0 | minimal |
| Czech Namedays Calendar | Lookup for a name and returns nameday date | 1 | minimal |
| DappRadar | DappRadar is a blockchain application discovery and analytics platform, widely described as "the world's dapp store." It tracks decentralized applications (dapps), NFT collectio... | 0 | minimal |
| Estateguru | Estateguru is a pan-European property-backed crowdfunding and P2P lending platform headquartered in Tallinn, Estonia. Founded in 2013, it connects retail and institutional inves... | 0 | minimal |
| Transport for Budapest, Hungary | Budapest public transport API | 1 | minimal |
| Quantum Systems | Quantum-Systems GmbH is a Gilching/Munich, Germany-based dual-use drone manufacturer founded in 2015 by former Bundeswehr helicopter pilot Florian Seibel. The company designs, b... | 0 | minimal |
| Tekever | Tekever is a multinational defence technology company headquartered in Lisbon, Portugal, with operations in the United Kingdom (Bath and a planned large-scale drone production f... | 0 | minimal |
| APP Group Ness Czechia | APP Group (renamed Ness Czechia after its acquisition by Ness Digital Engineering) is an enterprise IT services and systems-integration company headquartered in Prague, Czech Re... | 0 | minimal |
| Open Government, Poland | Poland Government Open Data | 1 | minimal |
| Open Government, Romania | Romania Government Open Data | 1 | minimal |
| refresh | Refresh (refresh.si) is a Slovenian digital marketing agency focused on building and growing digital brands. It was surfaced as a portfolio company of Slow Ventures and added to... | 0 | minimal |
| Tenders in Hungary | Get data for procurements in Hungary in JSON format | 1 | minimal |
| Tenders in Poland | Get data for procurements in Poland in JSON format | 1 | minimal |
| Tenders in Romania | Get data for procurements in Romania in JSON format | 1 | minimal |
| Tenders in Ukraine | Get data for procurements in Ukraine in JSON format | 1 | minimal |
| Webfinanceholding | Web Finance Holding AD is a Bulgarian financial-services holding company established in 2002 (formerly Finance Consulting AD). It specializes in the consultation and management ... | 0 | minimal |
| B2B-Center | B2B-Center is one of Russia's largest electronic trading platforms (ETP) for business-to-business procurement, operating at b2b-center.ru. The platform hosts electronic tenders,... | 0 | minimal |
| EquiLibre | EquiLibre Technologies is a Prague-based frontier AI trading research lab building self-learning reinforcement-learning agents that trade equities autonomously across the S&P 50... | 0 | minimal |
| GTS Central Europe | GTS Central Europe, operating in Romania as GTS Telecom (a member of Deutsche Telekom AG since 1993), is an IT&C service provider delivering cloud solutions (virtual hosting, pr... | 0 | minimal |
| Funderful | Funderful was an alumni fundraising software platform for universities and higher-education advancement teams, founded in 2013 by Raimonds Kulbergs and headquartered in Riga, La... | 0 | minimal |
| Goodlegal | Goodlegal was a Bucharest-based legal-tech startup founded in 2021 by Vasile Tiple (former UiPath Head of Legal Automation) building a legal infrastructure platform and "one-sto... | 0 | minimal |
| Minit | Minit was a process-mining software company founded in 2015 and headquartered in Bratislava, Slovakia. Its platform ingested event-log data from systems of record (ERP, CRM, ser... | 0 | |
| Sessions | Sessions (Session Technologies, formerly Flow OS) was a Bucharest-based unified communication and collaboration platform founded in 2021 by Radu Negulescu and Radu Tintescu, bac... | 0 | minimal |
APIs in this region (446)
Showing 200 of 446 — search the full set on apis.io.
Infobip AI Hub API
Infobip Channels API
Infobip Connectivity API
Infobip Customer Engagement API
Infobip Platform API
Infobip Tools API
ZnanyLekarz Addresses API
ZnanyLekarz API Notification Callbacks API
ZnanyLekarz Bookings API
ZnanyLekarz Calendar Breaks API
ZnanyLekarz Calendars API
ZnanyLekarz Doctors API
ZnanyLekarz Facilities API
ZnanyLekarz Insurances API
ZnanyLekarz Patient Presence API
ZnanyLekarz Services API
ZnanyLekarz Slots API
Braiins Accounts API
Braiins Actions API
Braiins Advanced Settings API
Braiins Authentication API
Braiins Bid orders API
Braiins Configuration API
Braiins Contracts API
Braiins Cooling API
Braiins Documentation API
Braiins License API
Braiins Market configuration API
Braiins Market data API
Braiins Miner API
Braiins Network API
Braiins Performance API
Braiins Pool API
Braiins Pools API
Braiins Upgrade API
Braiins Version API
Avito Access API
Avito Ads API
Avito ApplicationAccess API
Avito Auction API
Avito Authorization API
Avito Autoload API
Avito Autostrategy API
Avito Balance API
Avito Call API
Avito Calltracking API
Avito Chat API
Avito CheckAhUserV1 API
Avito CheckAhUserV2 API
Avito Core API
Avito Cpa API
Avito Cpxpromo API
Avito DeliverySandbox API
Avito DeliveryTariffication API
Avito Evaluation API
Avito GetAhInfoV1 API
Avito GetEmployeesV1 API
Avito Invite API
Avito Item API
Avito Job API
Avito LinkItemsV1 API
Avito ListCompanyPhonesV1 API
Avito ListItemsByEmployeeIdV1 API
Avito Messenger API
Avito OfflineMonitoring API
Avito Order Management API
Avito ParcelProcessing API
Avito Profile API
Avito Promotion API
Avito Promotion_BBIP API
Avito Ratings API
Avito Realty API
Avito Reference Data API
Avito Report API
Avito RisksAssessment API
Avito Signal API
Avito SpecialOffers API
Avito Statistics API
Avito Stock Management API
Avito Targeting API
Avito Tariff API
Avito Teaser API
Avito TerminalManagement API
Avito Transactions API
Avito Trx Promo API
Avito User API
Avito XDelivery API
Kontomatik Aggregation API
Kontomatik Catalog API
Kontomatik Command API
Kontomatik Confirmations API
Kontomatik Features API
Kontomatik Income API
Kontomatik Labeling API
Kontomatik Mock API
Kontomatik Owner API
Kontomatik Profile API
Kontomatik Reports API
Kontomatik Score API
Kontomatik Sign In API
Kontomatik Statements API
Kontomatik Summary API
Kontomatik Vendors API
Oxylabs AI Studio
Oxylabs Datacenter Proxies
Oxylabs Datasets
Oxylabs E-Commerce Scraper API
Oxylabs Headless Browser
Oxylabs ISP Proxies
Oxylabs Login API
Oxylabs MCP Server
Oxylabs Mobile Proxies
Oxylabs Queries API
Oxylabs Residential Proxies
Oxylabs SERP Scraper API
Oxylabs Stats API
Oxylabs Users API
Oxylabs Web Unblocker
BUW Library Discovery (Ex Libris Alma / Primo, OMNIS)
Crossref Membership (member 4211)
Dane Badawcze UW OAI-PMH Endpoint
Dane Badawcze UW Research Data Repository REST API
DataCite DOI Registration (REPOD / REPOD.DBUW)
ReIn UW Institutional Repository REST API
ReIn UW OAI-PMH Endpoint
RepOD — Repository for Open Data (ICM UW)
ROR Registration (039bjqg32)
University of Warsaw Achievements Summary API
University of Warsaw Admin API
University of Warsaw Analysis API
University of Warsaw API Key API
University of Warsaw API Key Principal API
University of Warsaw Apiref API
University of Warsaw Apisrv API
University of Warsaw Article API
University of Warsaw Article My Uw API
University of Warsaw Asset Migration API
University of Warsaw Assets API
University of Warsaw Building Accessibility API
University of Warsaw Building API
University of Warsaw Building Attribute API
University of Warsaw Building Bon API
University of Warsaw Building Migration API
University of Warsaw Building My Uw API
University of Warsaw Building Ok Uw API
University of Warsaw Business Entity API
University of Warsaw Calculate Permissions API
University of Warsaw Calendar API
University of Warsaw Campus API
University of Warsaw Country API
University of Warsaw Course Admin API
University of Warsaw Course API
University of Warsaw Course Areas Interests API
University of Warsaw Course Certificate Admin API
University of Warsaw Course Import Sp4eu/Export API
University of Warsaw Course Migration API
University of Warsaw Course My Uw API
University of Warsaw Course Registration Info API
University of Warsaw Course Sp4eu API
University of Warsaw Courses API
University of Warsaw Cpv Code API
University of Warsaw Currency API
University of Warsaw Event API
University of Warsaw Fac API
University of Warsaw FAQ API
University of Warsaw Framework Agreement API
University of Warsaw Framework Agreement Migration API
University of Warsaw Giveaway API
University of Warsaw Giveaway My Uw API
University of Warsaw History API
University of Warsaw Home API
University of Warsaw Housing Option API
University of Warsaw Housing Options API
University of Warsaw Housing Options Sp4eu API
University of Warsaw ID Card API
University of Warsaw ID Card My Uw API
University of Warsaw Idp Person API
University of Warsaw It Service API
University of Warsaw It Service My Uw API
University of Warsaw Item Used API
University of Warsaw Item Used My Uw API
University of Warsaw Keywords API
University of Warsaw Laboratory API
University of Warsaw Laboratory Type API
University of Warsaw Language API
University of Warsaw License API
University of Warsaw License Migration API
University of Warsaw Magazine API
University of Warsaw Magazine Migration API
University of Warsaw Mobility Option Admin API
University of Warsaw Mobility Option API
University of Warsaw Mobility Option Home API
University of Warsaw Mobility Option Sp4eu API
University of Warsaw Monograph Publisher API
University of Warsaw Monograph Publisher Migration API
University of Warsaw Pass Control API
University of Warsaw Pass Control Migration API
University of Warsaw Pass Control My Uw API
University of Warsaw Patent API
University of Warsaw Patent Public API
By industry (51)
Every vertical with at least one provider here. Each is a page of its own — greyed pills are below the 5-provider floor, published as a roster without generated statistics.
Industries with no coverage here (31)
These verticals hold providers elsewhere in the catalog and none here. That is a statement about what has been profiled, not about the market — this list is a research queue, ordered by how large the vertical is overall. Know a company that belongs in one of them? Add it.
Related regions
Mapped via tag aliases (Central Europe, Eastern Europe, CEE, Poland, Czechia, Hungary, Hungarian, Romania …) and provider-name patterns (Poland, Polish, Czech, Hungary, Hungarian, Romania, Romanian, Ukraine …).
Cohort brief
Auto-generatedThe 61 providers in the APIs.io catalog based in Central & Eastern Europe, scored on the Kin Score. Every figure below is computed from the catalog — nothing here is written.
| Facet | This cohort | Catalog | Difference | Scored |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discoverability | 59.3 | 58 | +1.3 | 61 |
| Operational Transparency | 13 | 13.8 | -0.8 | 61 |
| Contract Governance | 4.8 | 6.3 | -1.5 | 61 |
| Developer Ergonomics | 21.5 | 23.3 | -1.8 | 61 |
| Contract Quality | 14.4 | 17.8 | -3.4 | 61 |
| Access Clarity | 22.4 | 26.5 | -4.1 | 61 |
A facet is averaged over the members that carry it, not over the whole cohort — the “Scored” column is that count. Averaging an absent facet as zero would score our own coverage gaps as the providers’ posture.
| Artifact | This cohort | Catalog | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| MCP server (any) | 15% | 15% | 0 |
| MCP server (first-party) | 15% | 13% | +2 |
| Agent Skills | 0% | 0% | 0 |
| OAuth scopes | 10% | 12% | -2 |
| Security | 98% | 98% | 0 |
| Arazzo workflows | 2% | 2% | 0 |
| Governance rules | 6% | 13% | -7 |
mcp_pct counts any mcp/ artifact including ones API Evangelist derived from the provider OpenAPI; mcp_first_party_pct counts only servers the provider publishes. Prefer the latter.
- 1 Infobip 76.1
- 2 ZnanyLekarz 68.1
- 3 Braiins 63.1
- 4 Avito 53
- 5 Kontomatik 52.3
- 6 Oxylabs 52.1
- 7 University of Warsaw 48.6
- 8 inFakt 48.1
- 9 SEON 45.4
- 10 Przelewy24 42
- 1 Infobip 63
- 2 Comunicate.top API 59.8
- 3 SEON 42.7
- 4 Avito 42.1
- 5 ZnanyLekarz 41.1
- 6 RS Performance 38.2
- 7 Invendor 33.9
- 8 Oxylabs 31
- 9 CodeNOW 29.9
- 10 MODIVO 27.4
Work with this as data
Every region here is available over the APIs.io API and to AI agents over MCP.
Regulations that reach this region
The regimes a provider here operates under. A sectoral regime binds this cohort specifically and usually names an interface; a horizontal one binds by activity and almost never does. Profiles at API Evangelist.
- Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism sectoral European Union
- DORA sectoral European Union
- Digital Markets Act sectoral European Union
- EASA U-space sectoral European Union
- EU Deforestation Regulation sectoral European Union
- EU IVDR sectoral European Union
- EU Machinery Regulation sectoral European Union
- EU Medical Device Regulation sectoral European Union
- EU Taxonomy Regulation sectoral European Union
- European Chips Act sectoral European Union
- MiCA sectoral European Union
- MiFID II sectoral European Union
- PSD2 sectoral European Union / United Kingdom
- PSD3 & PSR sectoral European Union
- RoHS sectoral European Union
- Strong Customer Authentication sectoral European Union / United Kingdom
- Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation sectoral European Union
- UNECE WP.29 sectoral United Nations / EU / adopting states
- Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive horizontal European Union
- Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive horizontal European Union
- Digital Services Act horizontal European Union
- EU AI Act horizontal European Union
- EU Cyber Resilience Act horizontal European Union
- EU Data Act horizontal European Union
- EU Digital Omnibus horizontal European Union
- European Accessibility Act horizontal European Union
- GDPR horizontal European Union / United Kingdom
- NIS2 horizontal European Union
- eIDAS horizontal European Union
- eIDAS 2 / EU Digital Identity Wallet horizontal European Union
- ePrivacy Directive horizontal European Union