Wuhan University
Wuhan University (武汉大学, WHU), founded in 1893 in Wuhan, Hubei, is a comprehensive public research university under China's Ministry of Education, a Double First-Class and former Project 985 institution, and is strongest in surveying, remote sensing, geoinformatics and GNSS. It operates no public developer portal, no open data portal and no documented public API: api., data., open. and developer. under whu.edu.cn do not resolve, /.well-known/apis.json, llms.txt, security.txt, robots.txt and sitemap.xml all return 404 on both the Chinese and English sites, and no OpenAPI, AsyncAPI or GraphQL contract exists anywhere in this profile. What it does operate, on its own CERNET address space, is an identity estate and a bulk research-data archive. Wuhan University runs a Shibboleth SAML 2.0 identity provider registered in CARSI, China's national research-and-education federation and a production eduGAIN member, and a campus CAS single-sign-on server that publishes a live OpenID Connect discovery document — the only conforming, self-describing, machine-readable contract WHU serves to the anonymous public, and it is the SSO product's shape rather than WHU engineering. It also operates one of the IGS Global Data Centers: the International GNSS Service's own data-access page names Wuhan University and links ftp://igs.gnsswhu.cn/, an anonymously listable archive of GPS, BDS, MGEX, high-rate and IERS products. Library discovery is an Ex Libris Aleph tenancy on a WHU host, and the registrar system is behind campus SSO. The institution's only evidenced education-regime conformance is SAML and Shibboleth; it is not a DataCite or Crossref depositing member, and no institution-operated OAI-PMH endpoint was found.
Wuhan University publishes 8 APIs on the APIs.io network. Tagged areas include Education, Higher Education, University, Research, and China.
The Wuhan University catalog on APIs.io includes 1 JSON-LD context.
Wuhan University’s developer surface includes authentication and 15 more developer resources.
8 APIs
Individual APIs this provider publishes, each with its own machine-readable definition.
Published pricing tiers and plan structures.
Documented rate limits and quota policies.
Cost, billing, and metering signals for API financial operations.
JSON-LD contexts and semantic vocabularies used across these APIs.
Authentication, domain security, vulnerability disclosure, and trust-center signals.
OAuth scopes governing access to this provider's APIs.
aid: wuhan
name: Wuhan University
x-type: university
x-category: Public Research University
description: 'Wuhan University (武汉大学, WHU), founded in 1893 in Wuhan, Hubei, is a comprehensive public research university
under China''s Ministry of Education, a Double First-Class and former Project 985 institution, and is strongest in surveying,
remote sensing, geoinformatics and GNSS. It operates no public developer portal, no open data portal and no documented public
API: api., data., open. and developer. under whu.edu.cn do not resolve, /.well-known/apis.json, llms.txt, security.txt,
robots.txt and sitemap.xml all return 404 on both the Chinese and English sites, and no OpenAPI, AsyncAPI or GraphQL contract
exists anywhere in this profile. What it does operate, on its own CERNET address space, is an identity estate and a bulk
research-data archive. Wuhan University runs a Shibboleth SAML 2.0 identity provider registered in CARSI, China''s national
research-and-education federation and a production eduGAIN member, and a campus CAS single-sign-on server that publishes
a live OpenID Connect discovery document — the only conforming, self-describing, machine-readable contract WHU serves to
the anonymous public, and it is the SSO product''s shape rather than WHU engineering. It also operates one of the IGS Global
Data Centers: the International GNSS Service''s own data-access page names Wuhan University and links ftp://igs.gnsswhu.cn/,
an anonymously listable archive of GPS, BDS, MGEX, high-rate and IERS products. Library discovery is an Ex Libris Aleph
tenancy on a WHU host, and the registrar system is behind campus SSO. The institution''s only evidenced education-regime
conformance is SAML and Shibboleth; it is not a DataCite or Crossref depositing member, and no institution-operated OAI-PMH
endpoint was found.'
type: Index
deliveryModel:
model: saas
open_source: false
commercial: false
callable_host: false
label: Hosted service · you call their endpoint
confidence: medium
source:
- pricing
generated: '2026-08-28'
method: derived
accessModel:
pricing: free
onboarding: institutional
trial: false
try_now: false
public: false
label: Free · Institutional affiliation or federation membership required
confidence: high
source:
- identity-federation
- plans
generated: '2026-09-01'
method: derived
position: Consuming
access: 3rd-Party
image: https://kinlane-images.s3.amazonaws.com/shared/apis-json/icons/wuhan.png
url: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/api-evangelist/wuhan/refs/heads/main/apis.yml
tags:
- Education
- Higher Education
- University
- Research
- China
- Identity Federation
- Single Sign-On
- Research Data
- GNSS
- Library
- Open-Source
tags_raw:
- Education
- Higher Education
- University
- Research
- China
- Identity Federation
- Single Sign-On
- Research Data
- GNSS
- Library
- Open Source
created: '2026-06-03'
modified: '2026-09-01'
specificationVersion: '0.23'
apis:
- aid: wuhan:shibboleth-idp
name: Wuhan University Shibboleth Identity Provider (SAML 2.0)
description: 'WHU''s federated login, published as a SAML 2.0 EntityDescriptor at https://idp.whu.edu.cn/idp/shibboleth
(HTTP 200, application/xml, 14,864 bytes). Declares HTTP-Redirect, HTTP-POST and POST-SimpleSign SSO bindings, SOAP attribute
query on port 8443, and a shibmd:Scope of whu.edu.cn. The entity is registered in CARSI, China''s national R&E identity
federation, as 武汉大学 since 2024-12-10 with production status, and CARSI has been a production eduGAIN member since 2019-06-18.
The SSO handler answers HTTP 400 to a request carrying no SAMLRequest, which is a live protocol endpoint rather than a
static page. The metadata DOCUMENT is defective and this profile says so: it is the un-customized template Shibboleth
ships, it still carries the "This is example metadata only" banner and validUntil="2019-10-31", its Organization and ContactPerson
blocks are commented out, and three SingleLogoutService elements use an undeclared md: prefix pointing at the placeholder
host idp.xxx.edu.cn — so the published document is namespace-ill-formed. It is well-formed XML 1.0, but every namespace-aware
parser fails on it: xmllint reports "Namespace prefix md on SingleLogoutService is not defined" at lines 131-133, and
expat-based parsers raise "unbound prefix".'
humanURL: https://idp.whu.edu.cn/idp/shibboleth
baseURL: https://idp.whu.edu.cn/idp/
tags:
- Identity Federation
- SAML
- Shibboleth
- Single Sign-On
properties:
- type: IdentityFederation
url: https://idp.whu.edu.cn/idp/shibboleth
- type: Metadata
url: identity-federation/wuhan-idp-saml-metadata.xml
- type: Conformance
url: conformance/wuhan-conformance.yml
x-operator: institution
x-operator-basis: idp.whu.edu.cn resolves to 115.156.123.26 with no CNAME off institutional infrastructure. APNIC whois
gives inetnum 115.156.0.0 - 115.157.255.255, netname WHR-CERNET, "China Education and Research Network / Wuhan Regional
Network" — the CERNET regional allocation WHU's campus network sits in. No managed-IdP CNAME pattern (contrast idp.monash.edu.au
-> idp-cname.aaf.edu.au on Amazon address space) and no cloud-vendor hosting.
- aid: wuhan:cas-sso
name: Wuhan University Campus Single Sign-On (CAS / OpenID Connect / SAML)
description: 'The campus authentication server at cas.whu.edu.cn/authserver, which every institutional application redirects
into, running the Wisedu CAS distribution. It publishes an OpenID Connect discovery document at /authserver/oidc/.well-known/openid-configuration
(HTTP 200, application/json, 1,340 bytes) with a live JWKS, authorization, token, userinfo, introspection, revocation
and registration endpoints; answers the CAS 2.0/3.0 ticket-validation protocol at /authserver/serviceValidate and /authserver/p3/serviceValidate
in the cas:serviceResponse XML shape; and serves a well-formed SAML 2.0 EntityDescriptor at /authserver/idp/metadata under
entityID http://auth.whu.edu.cn/authserver on a WHU-specific certificate (CN=auth.whu.edu.cn, issued 2025-01-17). This
is the only conforming machine-readable contract WHU serves to the anonymous public, and it authenticates people into
WHU applications — it fronts no public data API. The discovery document is the Wisedu product''s standard shape, not WHU
engineering, so no OpenAPI has been derived from it. Three weaknesses it declares about itself: id_token_signing_alg_values_supported
includes "none", grant_types_supported includes the deprecated resource-owner password grant, and no PKCE support is advertised.
The SAML metadata carries the vendor''s unedited defaults — shibmd:Scope "wisedu.com" instead of whu.edu.cn, ContactPerson
addresses jsmith@example.org and support@example.org — and its entityID host auth.whu.edu.cn does not resolve.'
humanURL: https://cas.whu.edu.cn/authserver/login
baseURL: https://cas.whu.edu.cn/authserver/
tags:
- Single Sign-On
- OpenID Connect
- OAuth
- CAS
- SAML
- Identity
properties:
- type: OpenIDConnectDiscovery
url: https://cas.whu.edu.cn/authserver/oidc/.well-known/openid-configuration
- type: Authentication
url: authentication/wuhan-authentication.yml
- type: Scopes
url: scopes/wuhan-scopes.yml
- type: Metadata
url: identity-federation/wuhan-cas-saml-idp-metadata.xml
- type: Conformance
url: conformance/wuhan-conformance.yml
x-operator: institution
x-operator-basis: cas.whu.edu.cn resolves to 115.156.123.25, netname WHR-CERNET (Wuhan Regional Network, CERNET), with no
vendor CNAME and a WHU-specific signing certificate. Institution-hosted software from a supplier is `institution`, not
`tenant` — the tenant test is an institution-specific account on a host the vendor runs, and Wisedu runs nothing here.
- aid: wuhan:igs-data-center
name: IGS Data Center at Wuhan University (GNSS archive)
description: 'One of the International GNSS Service''s Global Data Centers, operated by Wuhan University''s GNSS Research
Center. The archive is anonymously listable over FTP at ftp://igs.gnsswhu.cn/pub/ and carries BDS, gnss, gps, highrate,
iers, reports and whu directories — RINEX observation data (obs, obs_v3, rinex4), broadcast ephemerides, MGEX multi-GNSS
products, station logs, IGS mail and report archives, and WHU''s own phase-bias and MGEX product streams under pub/whu.
Directory timestamps show same-day updates. This is a genuine institution-operated, machine-readable public data service
and the largest programmable surface WHU has, but it is a file archive: there is no HTTP API, no catalog endpoint and
no contract of any kind — ports 80 and 443 on the host are closed, so FTP is the only transport.'
humanURL: https://igs.org/data-access/
baseURL: ftp://igs.gnsswhu.cn/pub/
tags:
- GNSS
- Research Data
- Geodesy
- Open Data
- FTP
properties:
- type: OpenData
url: ftp://igs.gnsswhu.cn/pub/
- type: Documentation
url: https://igs.org/data-access/
x-operator: institution
x-operator-basis: The International GNSS Service's own data-access page (https://igs.org/data-access/, HTTP 200) names "Wuhan
University", links its File Transfer button to ftp://igs.gnsswhu.cn/ and its Institution Website button to http://en.whu.edu.cn/
— third-party attribution from the standards body that accredits the data center, which is stronger evidence than any
hostname. The host resolves to 123.57.234.5 (Aliyun/Alibaba Cloud), i.e. WHU renting cloud rather than a vendor running
the service; the operator is settled by the IGS attribution, not by the address space.
- aid: wuhan:carsi
name: CARSI membership (CERNET Authentication and Resource Sharing Infrastructure)
description: 'Wuhan University is a registered identity provider in CARSI, China''s national research-and-education identity
federation, operated from Peking University and a production eduGAIN member since 2019-06-18. The CARSI registered-IdP
roster (https://www.carsi.edu.cn/IdPlist.html, HTTP 200, 1,203 entries) carries WHU as 武汉大学 / WUHAN UNIVERSITY with entityID
https://idp.whu.edu.cn/idp/shibboleth, online 2024-12-10, status 3. Recorded as a membership, not as a contract: CARSI''s
metadata aggregate and discovery service are CARSI''s engineering, and the IdP behind the entry is Wuhan University''s.'
humanURL: https://www.carsi.edu.cn/IdPlist.html
baseURL: https://ds.carsi.edu.cn/
tags:
- Identity Federation
- eduGAIN
- Shibboleth
- Membership
properties:
- type: IdentityFederation
url: identity-federation/wuhan-identity-federation.yml
x-operator: federation
x-operator-basis: A national identity federation is shared by definition and the identity provider behind the entry is the
institution's. Registration authority https://www.carsi.edu.cn, contact carsi@pku.edu.cn, confirmed as a production eduGAIN
member federation via https://technical.edugain.org/api.php?action=list_feds (HTTP 200).
- aid: wuhan:ror
name: ROR registry entry (Research Organization Registry)
description: Wuhan University is registered in ROR as https://ror.org/033vjfk17 (active, established 1893), cross-walked
to GRID grid.49470.3e, ISNI 0000 0001 2331 6153, Wikidata Q1108197 and three Crossref Open Funder Registry identifiers
(501100007046, 501100015746, 501100013807). The record was created 2018-11-14 and last modified 2026-07-20. 12,259 ORCID
records carry an affiliation resolved to this ROR identifier. Recorded as a registry membership — a fact about the institution
— never as a WHU contract. Wuhan University is NOT a DataCite member or repository client (api.datacite.org returns total
0 for both providers and clients) and is not a Crossref depositing member (api.crossref.org/members returns only an unrelated
Wuhan company).
humanURL: https://ror.org/033vjfk17
baseURL: https://api.ror.org/v2/organizations/033vjfk17
tags:
- Registry
- Persistent Identifiers
- ROR
- Research
properties:
- type: Registry
url: https://ror.org/033vjfk17
- type: Conformance
url: conformance/wuhan-conformance.yml
x-operator: registry
x-operator-basis: ROR is an identifier registry the institution is registered in, shared by every registered organization
because every organization is registered. The registry's contract is ROR's; the entry is Wuhan University's.
- aid: wuhan:opac
name: Wuhan University Library catalog (Ex Libris Aleph tenant)
description: The library's online public access catalog at opac.lib.whu.edu.cn, running Ex Libris Aleph — the root document
is Aleph's own session bootstrap ("Aleph main menu", redirecting to /F?RN=) on 202.114.65.55 in CERNET address space.
The holdings, the sessions and the patron data are WHU's; the catalog software and any Aleph X-Services contract are Ex
Libris's and are shared by every Aleph customer. Recorded as a tenant relationship. No vendor specification is saved under
this institution, and no public search or X-Services endpoint was found unauthenticated. The library's main site lib.whu.edu.cn
is a JavaScript shell serving 2,513 bytes of HTML with no crawlable reference, and the English library host en.lib.whu.edu.cn
does not resolve at all.
humanURL: https://opac.lib.whu.edu.cn/
baseURL: http://opac.lib.whu.edu.cn/F
tags:
- Library
- Library Catalog
- Discovery
properties:
- type: LibraryCatalog
url: https://opac.lib.whu.edu.cn/
x-operator: tenant
x-operator-basis: Ex Libris Aleph running under a WHU hostname on CERNET address space. Institution-specific deployment
of a vendor library system; the contract belongs in the Ex Libris repo, not here.
- aid: wuhan:jwgl
name: Wuhan University academic affairs / registrar system (SSO-gated)
description: The institutional teaching-administration and course-registration system. jwgl.whu.edu.cn is live and redirects
unauthenticated callers to https://cas.whu.edu.cn/authserver/login?service=https%3A%2F%2Fjwgl.whu.edu.cn%2Fsso%2F... —
a real institution-operated application behind campus SSO. Recorded as an institution-operated surface with no published
contract, not as an API whose specification we happen not to hold. No OneRoster, LTI, SCIM or public course-catalog endpoint
is exposed; xk.whu.edu.cn does not resolve.
humanURL: https://jwgl.whu.edu.cn/
baseURL: https://jwgl.whu.edu.cn/
tags:
- Course Catalog
- Registrar
- Student Information System
properties:
- type: CourseCatalog
url: https://jwgl.whu.edu.cn/
x-operator: institution
x-operator-basis: Under whu.edu.cn, redirecting into WHU's own CAS at cas.whu.edu.cn (115.156.123.25, WHR-CERNET). Institution-operated
and institution-gated.
- aid: wuhan:journal-platform
name: Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University (journal platform)
description: 'WHU''s own journal publishing platform at ch.whu.edu.cn (115.156.123.29, WHR-CERNET), hosting 武汉大学学报·信息科学版
/ Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University. Live and institution-operated, but it publishes no harvesting
or machine-readable surface: /oai, /oai?verb=Identify, /rss and every other unrouted path return the identical 116,169-byte
JavaScript application shell with content-type text/html, which is a soft-404 and is recorded as an absence rather than
as a 200. /robots.txt and /sitemap.xml return application/json 404 bodies from the framework.'
humanURL: https://ch.whu.edu.cn/
baseURL: https://ch.whu.edu.cn/
tags:
- Scholarly Publishing
- Journals
- Research
properties:
- type: Documentation
url: https://ch.whu.edu.cn/
x-operator: institution
x-operator-basis: ch.whu.edu.cn resolves to 115.156.123.29, netname WHR-CERNET, the same Wuhan CERNET allocation as idp.
and cas.whu.edu.cn. WHU-run publishing platform, no vendor CNAME.
common:
- type: DomainSecurity
url: security/wuhan-domain-security.yml
- type: Website
url: https://en.whu.edu.cn
- type: GitHubOrganization
url: https://github.com/WHUIR
- type: LinkedIn
url: https://www.linkedin.com/school/wuhan-university/
- type: Twitter
url: https://x.com/WHU_1893
- type: IdentityFederation
url: https://idp.whu.edu.cn/idp/shibboleth
- type: LibraryCatalog
url: https://opac.lib.whu.edu.cn/
- type: CourseCatalog
url: https://jwgl.whu.edu.cn/
- type: OpenData
url: ftp://igs.gnsswhu.cn/pub/
- type: Authentication
url: authentication/wuhan-authentication.yml
- type: Scopes
url: scopes/wuhan-scopes.yml
- type: Conformance
url: conformance/wuhan-conformance.yml
- type: Plans
url: plans/wuhan-plans-pricing.yml
- type: RateLimits
url: rate-limits/wuhan-rate-limits.yml
- type: FinOps
url: finops/wuhan-finops.yml
- type: Review
url: review.yml
x-coverage:
state: none
reason: no_public_api
detail: 'Wuhan University publishes no public API, no developer portal and no contract of any kind, and that is the honest
result rather than a wall we hit. api., data., open., developer., dspace., repository. and library. under whu.edu.cn return
no DNS answer; /.well-known/apis.json, /.well-known/security.txt, /llms.txt, /robots.txt and /sitemap.xml are 404 on both
www.whu.edu.cn and en.whu.edu.cn; and no OpenAPI, AsyncAPI, GraphQL SDL or Postman collection was located anywhere, so
none has been saved and none has been derived.
Four institution-operated surfaces WERE confirmed live, all on CERNET address space allocated to the Wuhan region or attributed
by a standards body, and all are recorded above: the Shibboleth SAML 2.0 identity provider at idp.whu.edu.cn, registered
in CARSI since 2024-12-10; the campus CAS/OIDC/SAML single-sign-on server at cas.whu.edu.cn, whose OpenID Connect discovery
document is the only conforming machine-readable contract WHU serves the public; the IGS Global Data Center at ftp://igs.gnsswhu.cn/pub/,
which the International GNSS Service''s own data-access page attributes to Wuhan University; and the journal platform
at ch.whu.edu.cn. None of the four publishes an API specification. The IdP''s self-published metadata is Shibboleth''s
shipped template, expired in 2019, and namespace-ill-formed (undeclared md: prefix at lines 131-133, so namespace-aware
parsers fail with "unbound prefix") — the service conforms, the document describing it does not.
Library discovery is an Ex Libris Aleph tenancy and is recorded as a tenant relationship, not as a WHU contract. The registrar
system jwgl.whu.edu.cn is real and institution-operated but sits behind campus SSO. One host, ir.whu.edu.cn, returns 403
from an openresty edge on every path and every user-agent tried, so it is unreadable from outside China and is deliberately
NOT characterized here — a 403 with no body is not evidence of an institutional repository.
Language was not the barrier: the Chinese-language estate was searched alongside the English one, and the only English-only
gap found is the reverse — the CAS protocol errors are emitted in Chinese only.'
evidence:
- url: https://en.whu.edu.cn/
status: 200
- url: https://www.whu.edu.cn/
status: 200
- url: https://en.whu.edu.cn/.well-known/apis.json
status: 404
- url: https://en.whu.edu.cn/llms.txt
status: 404
- url: https://www.whu.edu.cn/sitemap.xml
status: 404
- url: https://idp.whu.edu.cn/idp/shibboleth
status: 200
- url: https://idp.whu.edu.cn/idp/profile/SAML2/Redirect/SSO
status: 400
- url: https://cas.whu.edu.cn/authserver/oidc/.well-known/openid-configuration
status: 200
- url: https://cas.whu.edu.cn/authserver/idp/metadata
status: 200
- url: https://cas.whu.edu.cn/authserver/serviceValidate
status: 200
- url: https://www.carsi.edu.cn/IdPlist.html
status: 200
- url: https://igs.org/data-access/
status: 200
- url: ftp://igs.gnsswhu.cn/pub/
status: 226
- url: https://opac.lib.whu.edu.cn/
status: 200
- url: https://jwgl.whu.edu.cn/
status: 200
- url: https://ch.whu.edu.cn/oai?verb=Identify
status: 200
- url: https://ir.whu.edu.cn/
status: 403
- url: https://api.datacite.org/clients?query=Wuhan%20University
status: 200
- url: https://api.ror.org/v2/organizations/033vjfk17
status: 200
assessed: '2026-09-01'
method: probed
maintainers:
- FN: Kin Lane
email: kin@apievangelist.com
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