SQL

aid: sql
name: SQL
description: SQL (Structured Query Language) is the ANSI/ISO standard language for managing and querying relational databases.
  SQL defines the interface for creating, reading, updating, and deleting data in relational database management systems (RDBMS).
  Database connectivity standards including ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) and JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) expose
  SQL capabilities as programmatic APIs, enabling applications to connect to and interact with SQL-compliant databases. Major
  implementations include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, SQLite, and many others.
image: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Sql_data_base_with_logo.png
url: https://www.iso.org/standard/76583.html
created: '2026-05-02'
modified: '2026-05-02'
apis:
- name: ODBC API
  description: Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a standard C-language API for accessing database management systems. ODBC
    allows applications to connect to any ODBC-compliant database using a unified programming interface, abstracting database-specific
    details through drivers. Originally developed by Microsoft and standardized by ISO/IEC in SQL/CLI (Call Level Interface).
  humanUrl: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/odbc/reference/odbc-programmer-s-reference
  baseUrl: ''
  tags:
  - Database Connectivity
  - ODBC
  - Standard
  properties:
  - type: Documentation
    url: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/odbc/reference/odbc-programmer-s-reference
  - type: Wikipedia
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Database_Connectivity
  - type: Specification
    url: https://www.iso.org/standard/53681.html
- name: JDBC API
  description: Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is the standard Java API for connecting Java applications to relational databases.
    JDBC provides a uniform interface for executing SQL queries, managing transactions, and retrieving results, regardless
    of the underlying database system. It is part of the Java SE standard library.
  humanUrl: https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/21/docs/api/java.sql/java/sql/package-summary.html
  baseUrl: ''
  tags:
  - Database Connectivity
  - Java
  - JDBC
  - Standard
  properties:
  - type: Documentation
    url: https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/21/docs/api/java.sql/java/sql/package-summary.html
  - type: Wikipedia
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Database_Connectivity
  - type: Specification
    url: https://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=221
common:
- type: JSONSchema
  url: json-schema/sql-query-schema.json
- type: JSONSchema
  url: json-schema/sql-result-schema.json
- type: JSONLD
  url: json-ld/sql-context.jsonld
- type: Vocabulary
  url: vocabulary/sql-vocabulary.yml
- type: ISO Standard
  url: https://www.iso.org/standard/76583.html
- type: ANSI Standard
  url: https://www.ansi.org/
- type: Wikipedia
  url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL
- type: W3Schools Tutorial
  url: https://www.w3schools.com/sql/
- type: MDN Web Docs
  url: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Server-side/SQL
maintainers:
- name: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32
  url: https://www.iso.org/committee/45342.html
tags:
- ANSI Standard
- Data Management
- Database
- ISO Standard
- Query Language
- Relational Database
- SQL