Sungkyunkwan University

aid: skku
name: Sungkyunkwan University
x-type: university
x-category: Private Research University
description: 'Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) is a private research university in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea, founded in
  1398 and operated since 1996 under the Samsung Foundation of Education. Like almost every university it is a federation
  of buyers rather than an API producer, and this profile is deliberate about which of that federation''s surfaces are actually
  SKKU''s engineering. SKKU operates no central developer portal and no API gateway — api.skku.edu, developer.skku.edu, data.skku.edu
  and status.skku.edu do not resolve — and publishes no OpenAPI for anything. What it does operate, and what almost no university
  catalog records, is a SAML 2.0 identity provider at kafe.skku.edu registered in eduGAIN through KAFE, the Korea Access Federation:
  entityID https://kafe.skku.edu/idp/simplesamlphp, scope skku.edu, supporting the REFEDS Research and Scholarship entity
  category and asserting the REFEDS Sirtfi assurance profile. That machine-readable metadata document is the strongest programmable
  surface SKKU runs. Its research information portal at pure.skku.edu looks institutional and is not: it CNAMEs to skku.elsevierpure.com
  and its OAI-PMH provider self-identifies as "Pure OAI Repository" with adminEmail purehosted@elsevier.com, so the live,
  conformant OAI-PMH 2.0 endpoint there is recorded as an Elsevier Pure TENANCY — SKKU''s data on Elsevier''s contract — and
  no Pure specification is saved in this repository. The thesis repository at skku.dcollection.net is likewise a KERIS dCollection
  tenancy whose robots.txt disallows all crawling and whose OAI paths return an HTML shell. Two SKKU units are Crossref members
  in their own right (School of Medicine, prefix 10.23838; Institute of Legal Studies, prefix 10.17008) and the institution
  is registered in ROR as 04q78tk20; no DataCite provider or client exists. Everything else — Kingo Portal SSO, iCampus, course
  registration at sugang.skku.edu, the library discovery layer — is enrolment-gated with no public API, no developer registration
  and no published rate limits.'
type: Index
deliveryModel:
  model: saas
  open_source: false
  commercial: true
  callable_host: false
  label: Hosted service · you call their endpoint
  confidence: medium
  source:
  - pricing
  generated: '2026-08-28'
  method: derived
accessModel:
  pricing: free
  onboarding: unknown
  trial: false
  try_now: false
  public: false
  label: Free
  confidence: medium
  source:
  - plans
  generated: '2026-07-22'
  method: derived
position: Consuming
access: 3rd-Party
image: https://kinlane-images.s3.amazonaws.com/shared/apis-json/icons/skku.png
url: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/api-evangelist/skku/refs/heads/main/apis.yml
tags:
- University
- Higher Education
- Education
- Research
- South Korea
- Seoul
- Identity Federation
- SAML
- eduGAIN
- Research Repository
- OAI-PMH
- Open Access
created: '2026-06-03'
modified: '2026-09-01'
specificationVersion: '0.23'
x-coverage:
  state: gated
  reason: auth_required
  detail: 'Re-profiled 2026-09-01 under the university pipeline, with the operator axis settled before anything was saved.
    Sungkyunkwan University publishes no public, documented developer API and no open-data portal, and that absence was established
    by negative probe rather than assumed: api.skku.edu, developer.skku.edu, data.skku.edu, open.skku.edu, research.skku.edu,
    repository.skku.edu, dspace.skku.edu, scholarworks.skku.edu, hpc.skku.edu and status.skku.edu all fail to resolve, and
    www.skku.edu returns 404 for llms.txt, .well-known/security.txt and .well-known/openid-configuration. Every consumable
    system SKKU runs is behind enrolment authentication — Kingo Portal SSO, iCampus, sugang.skku.edu course registration,
    the library discovery layer — which is why the state is `gated` rather than `none`: real surfaces exist, and none of them
    is reachable without credentials. The two exceptions were probed and are recorded: the SAML 2.0 identity provider metadata
    for kafe.skku.edu, which is public and machine-readable through the eduGAIN aggregate, and the OAI-PMH 2.0 provider at
    pure.skku.edu, which is public and unauthenticated but is an Elsevier Pure tenancy and is credited as such, not as SKKU
    engineering. The Pure Web Service itself (pure.skku.edu/ws/api) returns 401 and its documentation canonicalises to api.elsevierpure.com,
    so even the tenant has no publicly reachable programmable interface there. Deliberate exclusions, each with a reason:
    github.com/GDG-SKKU is a Google Developer Group student chapter publishing student project code, not SKKU''s engineering,
    so the previous profile''s institutional GitHub pointer has been removed rather than re-credited; github.com/skku exists
    but holds zero repositories and carries no name, description or website, so it is not evidence of an institutional presence;
    skku.dcollection.net is a KERIS dCollection tenancy whose robots.txt disallows all crawling and whose /oai, /srv/oai and
    /oai/request paths return the site''s HTML shell with HTTP 200 rather than an OAI-PMH response, so it is recorded as a
    relationship and explicitly not as a harvesting surface; no ORCID institutional membership was found, and the 7,574 public
    ORCID records naming SKKU as an affiliation are a fact about researchers, not a membership. Language was a real factor
    and was worked around rather than reported as a barrier: the AI guidance site, the privacy policy, the netizen ethics
    code and course registration exist only on the Korean surface and were probed there. No specification was saved for any
    surface in this repository, because SKKU operates no contract of its own and every contract that touches it belongs to
    a vendor.'
  generated: '2026-09-01'
  method: probed
  evidence:
  - url: https://technical.edugain.org/api.php?action=show_entity&entityid=https%3A%2F%2Fkafe.skku.edu%2Fidp%2Fsimplesamlphp
    status: 200
    note: SAML 2.0 md:EntityDescriptor for entityID https://kafe.skku.edu/idp/simplesamlphp, 9,390 bytes. registrationAuthority
      http://kafe.kreonet.net (KAFE), registered 2022-09-26, shibmd:Scope skku.edu, REFEDS R&S supported, Sirtfi asserted.
      INSTITUTION-OPERATED.
  - url: https://kafe.skku.edu/
    status: 200
    note: IdP host live on SKKU's own domain. /idp/simplesamlphp and /simplesaml/saml2/idp/metadata.php return a Korean WAF
      interstitial (404); metadata is distributed via the federation aggregate.
  - url: https://kafe.skku.edu/simplesaml/saml2/idp/SSOService.php
    status: 400
    note: LIVE, not dead. SimpleSAMLphp answers "No SAML request provided — You accessed the Single Sign On Service interface,
      but did not provide a SAML Authentication Request", with a session tracking number. The advertised SSO endpoint is real
      and functioning.
  - url: https://pure.skku.edu/ws/oai?verb=Identify
    status: 200
    note: TENANT. Conformant OAI-PMH 2.0 Identify — repositoryName "Pure OAI Repository", adminEmail purehosted@elsevier.com,
      earliestDatestamp 2025-04-30T16:00:15Z.
  - url: https://pure.skku.edu/ws/oai?verb=ListMetadataFormats
    status: 200
    note: 'Six prefixes: oai_dc, qdc, mods, mods_swepub, xmetadiss, nl_didl. OpenAIRE CERIF 1.2 profile declared.'
  - url: https://pure.skku.edu/ws/api/524/
    status: 401
    note: '"Request not authorized. Please provide a valid API key for access." Elsevier Pure Web Service, gated.'
  - url: https://pure.skku.edu/
    status: 200
    note: TENANT confirmed by DNS — pure.skku.edu CNAME skku.elsevierpure.com -> apac.prod.elsevierpure.com. Vanity domain
      on Elsevier infrastructure.
  - url: https://api.crossref.org/members?query=sungkyunkwan
    status: 200
    note: Two SKKU member records — 9930 School of Medicine (prefix 10.23838) and 6576 Institute of Legal Studies (prefix
      10.17008). REGISTRY membership.
  - url: https://api.ror.org/organizations?query=Sungkyunkwan
    status: 200
    note: ROR https://ror.org/04q78tk20, domain skku.edu, established 1398, GRID grid.264381.a, ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X,
      Wikidata Q41085. REGISTRY registration.
  - url: https://api.datacite.org/providers?query=sungkyunkwan
    status: 200
    note: Negative probe. meta.total 0 — no DataCite provider. /clients also returns 0.
  - url: https://skku.dcollection.net/
    status: 200
    note: 'TENANT. KERIS dCollection thesis repository. robots.txt is "User-agent: * / Disallow: /", and /srv/oai, /oai/request?verb=Identify
      and /dcollection/oai all return the HTML shell, not OAI-PMH.'
  - url: https://icampus.skku.edu/
    status: 200
    note: Institution-hosted learning system, a Laravel application. /api/v1/courses returns 419 Page Expired (CSRF); /api/v1/accounts/self,
      /api/graphql and /mod/lti/certs.php return the app 404.
  - url: https://sugang.skku.edu/
    status: 200
    note: Course registration (수강신청), Korean-only, session-gated. No machine-readable course catalog.
  - url: https://lib.skku.edu/
    status: 200
    note: Library discovery layer, single-page app. /api returns 404; no SRU, OpenSearch or catalog API found.
  - url: https://chatgpt.skku.edu/chatgpt/index.do
    status: 200
    note: SKKU AI 종합안내 홈페이지 — institution-operated AI guidance portal carrying usage guidelines, academic-integrity cases
      and the Ministry of Education university AI ethics guideline.
  - url: https://www.skku.edu/skku/etc/private.do
    status: 200
    note: 개인정보 처리방침 — privacy policy, Korean surface only (/eng/etc/private.do returns 404).
  - url: http://www.skku.edu/sitemap_index.xml
    status: 200
    note: sitemapindex advertised from https://www.skku.edu/robots.txt (200).
  - url: https://api.skku.edu/
    status: 0
    note: Negative probe. No API gateway; host does not resolve.
  - url: https://developer.skku.edu/
    status: 0
    note: Negative probe. No developer portal; host does not resolve.
  - url: https://data.skku.edu/
    status: 0
    note: Negative probe. No open-data portal; host does not resolve. open.skku.edu also fails.
  - url: https://status.skku.edu/
    status: 0
    note: Negative probe. No status page; host does not resolve.
  - url: https://www.skku.edu/llms.txt
    status: 404
    note: Negative probe. No agent-directed content policy.
  - url: https://www.skku.edu/.well-known/security.txt
    status: 404
    note: Negative probe. No RFC 9116 security contact.
  - url: https://www.skku.edu/.well-known/openid-configuration
    status: 404
    note: Negative probe. No OIDC discovery; federated identity here is SAML 2.0, not OIDC.
  - url: https://api.github.com/orgs/skku
    status: 200
    note: Negative finding. The org exists but has 0 public repositories and no name, description, website or location. Not
      evidence of an institutional GitHub presence; not credited.
  - url: https://www.linkedin.com/school/%EC%84%B1%EA%B7%A0%EA%B4%80%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90/
    status: 999
    note: Pointer repaired. The previous profile pointed at /company/sungkyunkwan-university, which returns 404 to every non-browser
      client — calibration confirmed LinkedIn returns 404 on that path shape for a deliberately fabricated slug too, so it
      reads as dead. The canonical school page is the Korean-name school URL (성균관대학교, 45,242 followers); 999 is LinkedIn's
      bot challenge and grades live.
apis:
- aid: skku:identity-federation
  name: SKKU SAML 2.0 Identity Provider (KAFE / eduGAIN metadata)
  description: Sungkyunkwan University's institutional identity provider, publishing machine-readable SAML 2.0 metadata through
    the KAFE (Korea Access Federation) aggregate and interfederated internationally through eduGAIN. entityID https://kafe.skku.edu/idp/simplesamlphp
    on SKKU's own registrable domain, shibmd:Scope skku.edu, OrganizationDisplayName "Sungkyunkwan University", OrganizationURL
    https://www.skku.edu/. SingleSignOnService and SingleLogoutService are offered over HTTP-Redirect and HTTP-POST at /simplesaml/saml2/idp/,
    NameIDFormat is transient, and the signing and encryption KeyDescriptors carry a self-issued X.509 certificate for CN=kafe.skku.edu,
    O=SKKU, OU=Information Service Affairs Team valid to 2032-09-22. The entity supports the REFEDS Research and Scholarship
    entity category and asserts the REFEDS Sirtfi security incident response assurance profile, with a KAFE jurisdiction attribute
    of KR. This is institution-operated by definition and it is the single most consequential machine-readable surface SKKU
    runs — it is also the class of surface a university catalog almost never records.
  humanURL: https://www.skku.edu/eng/CampusLife/ITServices/KingoPortal1_1.do
  baseURL: https://kafe.skku.edu/simplesaml/saml2/idp/SSOService.php
  tags:
  - Identity Federation
  - SAML
  - eduGAIN
  - KAFE
  - Single Sign-On
  - Shibboleth Metadata
  x-operator: institution
  x-operator-evidence: Metadata is served for an entityID on kafe.skku.edu — SKKU's own registrable domain — and self-asserts
    md:Organization "Sungkyunkwan University" with OrganizationURL https://www.skku.edu/. Registered by KAFE (registrationAuthority
    http://kafe.kreonet.net) on 2022-09-26 and present in the eduGAIN aggregate since 2022-11-16. The certificate subject
    names SKKU's Information Service Affairs Team.
  x-developer-usable: false
  x-developer-note: An end-user login federation, not a developer authorization surface. There is no client registration path,
    no token endpoint and no consent screen an outside developer could integrate against. Recorded because it is institution-operated
    and machine-readable, not because it is consumable.
  properties:
  - type: Examples
    url: examples/skku-idp-saml-entity-descriptor-example.xml
  - type: Authentication
    url: authentication/skku-authentication.yml
  - type: Conformance
    url: conformance/skku-conformance.yml
  - type: Federation
    url: https://technical.edugain.org/api.php?action=show_entity&entityid=https%3A%2F%2Fkafe.skku.edu%2Fidp%2Fsimplesamlphp
  - type: Documentation
    url: https://www.kafe.or.kr/
- aid: skku:pure-research-portal
  name: SKKU Research Portal (Elsevier Pure) — TENANT
  description: SKKU's research information system and public researcher/output profiles, running on Elsevier Pure at pure.skku.edu.
    This is a genuine institutional fact and one of the very few programmable research surfaces the university has, so the
    relationship is recorded — but it is recorded as a TENANCY, not as an SKKU API. The data is SKKU's; the contract, the
    API design and the Pure Web Service are Elsevier's, and no Pure specification is saved in this repository. The one publicly
    reachable machine surface here is a conformant OAI-PMH 2.0 provider at /ws/oai serving six metadata prefixes (oai_dc,
    qdc, mods, mods_swepub, xmetadiss, nl_didl) with the OpenAIRE CERIF 1.2 profile declared in the response envelope; the
    Pure Web Service at /ws/api returns 401 and its documentation canonicalises to api.elsevierpure.com, so no programmable
    Pure interface is open even to the tenant.
  humanURL: https://pure.skku.edu/
  baseURL: https://pure.skku.edu/ws/oai
  tags:
  - Research Information
  - Elsevier Pure
  - Tenant
  - OAI-PMH
  - Research Outputs
  - CRIS
  x-operator: tenant
  x-operator-evidence: pure.skku.edu is a CNAME to skku.elsevierpure.com -> apac.prod.elsevierpure.com. The OAI provider self-identifies
    as repositoryName "Pure OAI Repository" with adminEmail purehosted@elsevier.com, and /ws/api canonicalises to https://api.elsevierpure.com/ws/api/documentation/index.html.
  x-vendor: Elsevier Pure
  properties:
  - type: Website
    url: https://pure.skku.edu/
  - type: Examples
    url: examples/skku-pure-oai-identify-example.xml
  - type: Examples
    url: examples/skku-pure-oai-listmetadataformats-example.xml
  - type: Conformance
    url: conformance/skku-conformance.yml
- aid: skku:dcollection-repository
  name: SKKU dCollection Thesis Repository (KERIS) — TENANT
  description: 'SKKU''s electronic theses and dissertations repository, running on dCollection, the national academic-information
    distribution platform operated for Korean universities. The collection and its records are SKKU''s; the platform, the
    software and any contract are the vendor''s, so this is recorded as a tenancy and no specification is saved for it. It
    is explicitly NOT recorded as a harvesting surface: robots.txt is "User-agent: * / Disallow: /", and the conventional
    OAI-PMH paths /oai, /srv/oai, /oai/request and /dcollection/oai all return the site''s HTML shell with HTTP 200 rather
    than an OAI-PMH response — a soft-200, not an endpoint.'
  humanURL: https://skku.dcollection.net/
  baseURL: https://skku.dcollection.net/
  tags:
  - Research Repository
  - Theses
  - dCollection
  - KERIS
  - Tenant
  - Korea
  x-operator: tenant
  x-operator-evidence: Institution-specific subdomain skku.dcollection.net on the shared dcollection.net platform; the page
    furniture and description metadata are the platform's ("디지털 학술정보 유통시스템"), not SKKU's.
  x-vendor: dCollection (KERIS)
  properties:
  - type: Website
    url: https://skku.dcollection.net/
- aid: skku:crossref-membership
  name: SKKU Crossref Membership (DOI registration)
  description: 'Two Sungkyunkwan University units are Crossref members in their own right and register DOIs under their own
    prefixes — member 9930, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, prefix 10.23838; and member 6576, Institute of Legal
    Studies, Sungkyunkwan University, prefix 10.17008. This is a membership SKKU holds, not a surface SKKU operates: the Crossref
    REST API is Crossref''s contract and none of it is saved or credited here. The relationship is recorded because DOI registration
    is a real, evidenced, machine-resolvable fact about the institution.'
  humanURL: https://www.crossref.org/
  baseURL: https://api.crossref.org/members/9930
  tags:
  - DOI
  - Crossref
  - Registry
  - Persistent Identifiers
  - Scholarly Publishing
  x-operator: registry
  x-operator-evidence: https://api.crossref.org/members?query=sungkyunkwan returns exactly two SKKU records with prefixes
    10.23838 and 10.17008. Shared host by design — an identifier registry is shared because many institutions register in
    it, which is a fact about them, not a misattribution.
  properties:
  - type: Conformance
    url: conformance/skku-conformance.yml
  - type: Documentation
    url: https://api.crossref.org/members/9930
- aid: skku:ror-registration
  name: SKKU ROR Registration (organization identifier)
  description: Sungkyunkwan University is registered in the Research Organization Registry as https://ror.org/04q78tk20, with
    registrable domain skku.edu, established 1398, located in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, KR, and cross-walked to GRID grid.264381.a,
    ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X, Wikidata Q41085 and Crossref Funder ID 501100002647. The record also declares related organizations
    including Samsung Medical Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Samsung Seoul Hospital and Samsung Changwon Hospital. ROR's
    API is ROR's contract; the registration is SKKU's fact.
  humanURL: https://ror.org/04q78tk20
  baseURL: https://api.ror.org/organizations/04q78tk20
  tags:
  - Organization Identifier
  - ROR
  - Registry
  - Persistent Identifiers
  x-operator: registry
  x-operator-evidence: https://api.ror.org/organizations?query=Sungkyunkwan returns the ROR record 04q78tk20 whose domains[]
    is ["skku.edu"] and whose ror_display name is "Sungkyunkwan University".
  properties:
  - type: Documentation
    url: https://ror.org/04q78tk20
- aid: skku:kingo-portal
  name: Kingo Portal (campus SSO and gated student systems)
  description: 'Kingo Portal is SKKU''s single sign-on environment, the front door to the university''s own online services
    — Google Workspace, GLS, iCampus (icampus.skku.edu, a Laravel learning system on SKKU''s domain), course registration
    (sugang.skku.edu), electronic approval and notice boards — plus eduroam federated Wi-Fi roaming, which uses the same institutional
    identity that the KAFE/eduGAIN identity provider publishes. Every one of these systems is institution-operated and every
    one is enrolment-gated: there is no publicly documented authentication API, no developer registration, no published rate
    limits and no machine-readable course catalog. Probed rather than assumed — icampus.skku.edu/api/v1/courses returns 419
    (Laravel CSRF) and every other API path returns the application''s Korean 404 page.'
  humanURL: https://www.skku.edu/eng/CampusLife/ITServices/KingoPortal1_1.do
  tags:
  - Identity
  - SSO
  - Authentication
  - Gated
  - Learning Management
  - Course Registration
  x-operator: institution
  x-operator-evidence: All hosts resolve under skku.edu on SKKU-controlled address space (www.skku.edu 115.145.133.39, lib.skku.edu
    115.145.129.144) and the services are described on SKKU's own IT Services pages.
  x-developer-usable: false
  properties:
  - type: Documentation
    url: https://www.skku.edu/eng/CampusLife/ITServices/KingoPortal1_1.do
  - type: Authentication
    url: authentication/skku-authentication.yml
  - type: Support
    url: https://www.skku.edu/eng/CampusLife/ITServices/ITCallCenter.do
common:
- type: Website
  url: https://www.skku.edu/eng/
- type: Documentation
  url: https://www.skku.edu/eng/CampusLife/ITServices/KingoPortal1_1.do
- type: Support
  url: https://www.skku.edu/eng/CampusLife/ITServices/ITCallCenter.do
- type: PrivacyPolicy
  url: https://www.skku.edu/skku/etc/private.do
- type: TermsOfService
  url: https://www.skku.edu/skku/etc/netizen.do
- type: LinkedIn
  url: https://www.linkedin.com/school/%EC%84%B1%EA%B7%A0%EA%B4%80%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90/
- type: IdentityFederation
  url: https://technical.edugain.org/api.php?action=show_entity&entityid=https%3A%2F%2Fkafe.skku.edu%2Fidp%2Fsimplesamlphp
- type: ResearchRepository
  url: https://pure.skku.edu/
- type: LibraryCatalog
  url: https://lib.skku.edu/
- type: CourseCatalog
  url: https://sugang.skku.edu/
- type: AIPolicy
  url: https://chatgpt.skku.edu/chatgpt/index.do
- type: AITooling
  url: https://ctl.skku.edu/ctl/index.do
- type: Examples
  url: examples/skku-idp-saml-entity-descriptor-example.xml
- type: Authentication
  url: authentication/skku-authentication.yml
- type: Conformance
  url: conformance/skku-conformance.yml
- type: JSONLD
  url: json-ld/skku-context.jsonld
- type: DomainSecurity
  url: security/skku-domain-security.yml
- type: Plans
  url: plans/skku-plans-pricing.yml
- type: RateLimits
  url: rate-limits/skku-rate-limits.yml
- type: FinOps
  url: finops/skku-finops.yml
- type: Review
  url: review.yml
maintainers:
- FN: Kin Lane
  email: kin@apievangelist.com