Agent Skill · Cockroach Labs

molt-replicator

Guide for using the CockroachDB replicator to continuously replicate changes from PostgreSQL, MySQL, or Oracle to CockroachDB after an initial molt fetch data load. Use when setting up CDC replication, configuring pglogical/mylogical/oraclelogminer, or managing the fetch → replicator cutover workflow.

View SKILL.md on GitHub → Source repository Provider profile
Provider: Cockroach Labs Path in repo: skills/cockroachdb-onboarding-and-migrations/molt-replicator/SKILL.md

Skill body

molt replicator

Continuous change-data-capture (CDC) replication from source databases to CockroachDB. Run after molt fetch completes the initial bulk load.

Important: replicator is a separate binary from molt. It is not invoked by molt fetch. The data-load-and-replication mode in molt fetch is deprecated — use replicator directly instead.

Architecture

Source DB ──► [replicator] ──► Staging DB (_replicator schema) ──► Target CockroachDB
                  ▲
            Publication/
            Slot/BinLog/
            LogMiner

Replicator reads changes from the source, buffers them in a staging schema on the target CRDB cluster, and applies them to the target tables.

Subcommands by Source

Source Command
PostgreSQL replicator pglogical
MySQL replicator mylogical
Oracle replicator oraclelogminer
Kafka replicator kafka
Cloud storage replicator objstore
CockroachDB CDC replicator start

Full Fetch → Replicator Workflow

Step 1: Initial bulk load with molt fetch

molt fetch \
  --source "postgresql://user:pass@source:5432/db" \
  --target "postgresql://root@crdb:26257/db" \
  --bucket-path "s3://mybucket/migration" \
  --table-handling drop-on-target-and-recreate

Step 2: Create publication on source (PostgreSQL)

-- Run on source PostgreSQL:
CREATE PUBLICATION molt_fetch FOR ALL TABLES;
-- (molt fetch may have already created this; check first)

Step 3: Create staging database on target

-- Run on target CockroachDB:
CREATE DATABASE _replicator;

Step 4: Test connectivity

# preflight only takes --stagingConn and --targetConn (always required for the
# target; stagingConn required if the target is not CRDB)
replicator preflight \
  --stagingConn "postgresql://root@crdb:26257/_replicator" \
  --targetConn "postgresql://root@crdb:26257/db"

Step 5: Start replicator

replicator pglogical \
  --publicationName "molt_fetch" \
  --sourceConn "postgresql://user:pass@source:5432/db" \
  --stagingConn "postgresql://root@crdb:26257/_replicator" \
  --stagingSchema "_replicator.public" \
  --targetConn "postgresql://root@crdb:26257/db" \
  --targetSchema "public" \
  --metricsAddr "0.0.0.0:8080"

Step 6: Monitor lag

curl http://localhost:8080/metrics | grep replicator_
# Watch for: mutations applied, unapplied mutations, lag

Step 7: Cutover

  1. When lag reaches ~0, redirect app writes to CockroachDB
  2. Let replicator drain remaining changes
  3. Confirm no new writes on source
  4. Stop replicator
  5. Decommission source

Source-Specific Setup

PostgreSQL (pglogical)

Source prerequisites:

replicator pglogical \
  --publicationName "molt_fetch" \
  --slotName "replicator" \
  --sourceConn "postgresql://..." \
  --stagingConn "postgresql://root@crdb:26257/_replicator" \
  --stagingSchema "_replicator.public" \
  --targetConn "postgresql://root@crdb:26257/db" \
  --targetSchema "public"

MySQL (mylogical)

Source prerequisites:

replicator mylogical \
  --sourceConn "mysql://root:pass@source:3306/db" \
  --stagingConn "postgresql://root@crdb:26257/_replicator" \
  --stagingSchema "_replicator.public" \
  --targetConn "postgresql://root@crdb:26257/db" \
  --targetSchema "public"

Oracle (oraclelogminer)

Source prerequisites:

replicator oraclelogminer \
  --sourceConn "oracle://app_user:pass@oracle:1521/db" \
  --stagingConn "postgresql://root@crdb:26257/_replicator" \
  --stagingSchema "_replicator.public" \
  --targetConn "postgresql://root@crdb:26257/db" \
  --targetSchema "public"

Key Flags

# Performance
--parallelism 16          # concurrent DB transactions (default: 16)
--flushSize 1000          # rows per batch (default: 1000)
--flushPeriod 1s          # flush interval (default: 1s)

# Staging connection pool
--stagingMaxPoolSize 128
--stagingIdleTime 1m
--stagingMaxLifetime 5m

# Target connection pool
--targetMaxPoolSize 128
--targetStatementCacheSize 128

# Retry
--maxRetries 10
--retryInitialBackoff 25ms
--retryMaxBackoff 2s

# Monitoring
--metricsAddr "0.0.0.0:8080"    # Prometheus metrics endpoint
--schemaRefresh 1m               # refresh schema cache (0 = disabled)

# Dead letter queue (failed rows instead of stopping)
--dlqTableName "replicator_dlq"

# Logging
-v                               # debug
-vv                              # trace
--logFormat fluent                # for log aggregators
--logDestination "/var/log/replicator.log"

Gotchas

See flags reference for the full flag list.

Skill frontmatter

compatibility: Requires separate replicator binary (not part of molt). Staging CockroachDB database required. Source DB must support logical replication. metadata: {"author" => "cockroachdb", "version" => "1.0"}

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