BLE

aid: ble
name: BLE
description: Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), also known as Bluetooth Smart, is a wireless personal area network technology designed
  and marketed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (Bluetooth SIG). Aimed at IoT and embedded applications, BLE provides
  reduced power consumption while maintaining similar communication range to classic Bluetooth. The specification is managed
  by the Bluetooth SIG and covers the full protocol stack including the Generic Attribute Profile (GATT), Generic Access Profile
  (GAP), and the various service and characteristic specifications used for device interoperability.
type: Index
image: https://kinlane-images.s3.amazonaws.com/shared/apis-json/apis-json-logo.jpg
tags:
- BLE
- Bluetooth
- Embedded
- IoT
- Protocols
- Standards
- Wireless
url: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/api-evangelist/ble/refs/heads/main/apis.yml
created: '2025-01-01'
modified: '2026-04-21'
specificationVersion: '0.19'
apis:
- aid: ble:bluetooth-core-specification
  name: Bluetooth Core Specification
  description: The Bluetooth Core Specification defines the complete Bluetooth wireless communication protocol stack including
    BLE (LE) and Classic Bluetooth. The current stable version is Bluetooth 6.0. The specification covers the Physical Layer,
    Link Layer, HCI, L2CAP, SM, GAP, and GATT layers, as well as LE Audio, Isochronous Channels, and Direction Finding extensions.
  humanURL: https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/specs/core60/
  tags:
  - BLE
  - Bluetooth
  - Core Specification
  - Protocols
  - Standards
  properties:
  - type: Documentation
    url: https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/specs/
  - type: Specification
    url: https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/specs/core60/
  - type: JSONSchema
    url: json-schema/ble-gatt-service-schema.json
  - type: JSONSchema
    url: json-schema/ble-advertising-packet-schema.json
  - type: JSONStructure
    url: json-structure/ble-gatt-service-structure.json
  - type: JSONStructure
    url: json-structure/ble-advertising-packet-structure.json
  - type: JSONLD
    url: json-ld/ble-context.jsonld
  - type: Examples
    url: examples/ble-heart-rate-service-example.json
  - type: Examples
    url: examples/ble-advertising-packet-example.json
- aid: ble:gatt-specification
  name: GATT and Assigned Numbers
  description: The Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) defines the framework for data transfer between Bluetooth LE devices.
    The Bluetooth SIG maintains assigned numbers for services, characteristics, and descriptors that enable interoperable
    implementations. GATT services include Battery Service, Heart Rate, Device Information, Health Thermometer, and many other
    standardized profiles.
  humanURL: https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/assigned-numbers/
  tags:
  - BLE
  - GATT
  - IoT
  - Profiles
  - Standards
  properties:
  - type: Documentation
    url: https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/assigned-numbers/
  - type: Specification
    url: https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/assigned-numbers/
- aid: ble:mesh-networking
  name: Bluetooth Mesh Networking
  description: Bluetooth Mesh enables many-to-many device communications and is particularly suited for IoT applications that
    require large-scale device networks, including building automation, industrial IoT, and smart city infrastructure.
  humanURL: https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/specs/mesh-profile/
  tags:
  - BLE
  - IoT
  - Mesh
  - Networking
  - Standards
  properties:
  - type: Documentation
    url: https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/specs/mesh-profile/
  - type: Specification
    url: https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/specs/mesh-profile/
common:
- type: Website
  url: https://www.bluetooth.com/
- type: Documentation
  url: https://www.bluetooth.com/develop-with-bluetooth/
- type: Specification
  url: https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/specs/
- type: Training
  url: https://www.bluetooth.com/develop-with-bluetooth/training/
- type: Community
  url: https://www.bluetooth.com/develop-with-bluetooth/
- type: SDKs
  url: https://www.bluetooth.com/develop-with-bluetooth/developer-resources/
  title: Developer Tools and SDKs
- type: Conformance
  url: https://www.bluetooth.com/develop-with-bluetooth/qualification-listing/
- type: SpectralRules
  url: rules/ble-spectral-rules.yml
- type: Vocabulary
  url: vocabulary/ble-vocabulary.yaml
- type: Features
  data:
  - name: Low Energy Protocol Stack
    description: BLE defines a complete protocol stack from Physical Layer through Application, enabling ultra-low-power wireless
      communication for IoT and wearable devices.
  - name: Generic Attribute Profile (GATT)
    description: GATT defines a client/server model for data exchange using services and characteristics, enabling standardized
      device interoperability across vendors.
  - name: Generic Access Profile (GAP)
    description: GAP controls connections and advertising in BLE, defining how devices discover each other and establish connections.
  - name: Advertising and Scanning
    description: BLE advertising allows devices to broadcast data without requiring a connection, enabling beacons, proximity
      sensing, and asset tracking.
  - name: LE Audio
    description: Bluetooth 5.2+ LE Audio introduces LC3 codec, Auracast broadcast audio, and hearing aid profiles for next-generation
      wireless audio applications.
  - name: Direction Finding
    description: Bluetooth 5.1+ Direction Finding supports Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Angle of Departure (AoD) for indoor
      positioning and real-time location.
  - name: Bluetooth Mesh
    description: The Bluetooth Mesh specification enables many-to-many communications for large-scale IoT deployments in buildings,
      industry, and infrastructure.
- type: UseCases
  data:
  - name: Wearable Health Devices
    description: BLE powers fitness trackers, smartwatches, heart rate monitors, and medical wearables using standardized
      GATT health profiles.
  - name: Proximity Beacons
    description: BLE beacons broadcast advertising packets for proximity detection, indoor positioning, and contextual notifications
      in retail and logistics.
  - name: Smart Home Automation
    description: BLE Mesh enables smart lighting, HVAC control, and security systems in residential and commercial building
      automation.
  - name: Industrial IoT
    description: BLE provides wireless sensor connectivity for industrial monitoring, predictive maintenance, and asset tracking
      applications.
  - name: Healthcare Monitoring
    description: BLE medical devices including glucose meters, blood pressure monitors, and pulse oximeters use standardized
      health profiles for mobile integration.
- type: Integrations
  data:
  - name: Apple Core Bluetooth
    description: iOS and macOS Core Bluetooth framework provides native BLE central and peripheral role implementation for
      Apple platform apps.
  - name: Android Bluetooth API
    description: Android Bluetooth API provides BLE central and peripheral support for Android application development.
  - name: Zephyr RTOS
    description: The Zephyr Project includes a full BLE stack (Zephyr BT) for embedded and IoT firmware development.
  - name: NRF Connect SDK
    description: Nordic Semiconductor's nRF Connect SDK provides BLE and Bluetooth mesh implementation for nRF52 and nRF53
      series SoCs.
  - name: Web Bluetooth API
    description: The W3C Web Bluetooth API enables browser-based applications to communicate with BLE devices via JavaScript.
maintainers:
- FN: Kin Lane
  email: kin@apievangelist.com